Basler Excitation Technical Papers
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Excitation Replacement Solutions
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Technical Paper
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Description
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Additional Resources
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Alterrex Excitation
Upgrades -
Convection-Cooled
Bridges and Replacement
of Automatic Voltage
Regulator
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Bridge replacement,
testing, installation
and commissioning plus
expectations for voltage
regulator replacement of
Alterrex exciter system.
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Alternate Solutions to Replacing Aged Static Exciter Systems
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Replacing the analog portion of a static exciter system with a digital front-end controller into the existing power rectifier bridge/s.
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Application of Static Excitation Systems for Rotating Exciter Replacement
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The static exciter system - including the power control devices, power transformer and automatic voltage regulator
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Convection Cooled Bridges Offer New Solution to Old Alterrex Water-Cooled Bridges
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Air-cooled retrofit solutions for water-cooled Alterrex
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Updated! Front End Analog Conversion to Digital Saves Cost for Upgrades of Excitation System
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Decision factors in purchasing a 6 SCR full-wave bridge or reusing an existing 3 SCR half-wave
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EX-SSE1.pdf
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Retrofitting SCT/PPT Excitation Systems with Digital Control
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Retrofit of the SCT/PPT (Saturable Current Transformer/Power Potential Transformer) Static Excitation System
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Selecting the Excitation System for the Additional Turbine Generator at the Port Wentworth Pulp Mill
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Evaluating whether or not to reuse the generator's original compound excitation system
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Xcel Energy Northern Region Experience with Excitation System Upgrades and Retrofits
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The scope of excitation replacement projects, the reasoning behind them, and the resources required to plan, design, install and commission the equipment
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Excitation System Operation
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Technical Paper
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Description
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Additional Resources
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Avoiding Loss of Voltage
Sensing Runaway for
Generator Excitation
Systems |
Protective safeguards
built into excitation
systems to manage loss
of voltage sensing
events and prevent
damage |
EX-DECSLOS.pdf |
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Coordination of Digital Excitation System Settings for Reliable Operation
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Coordinating the various settings of the excitation system as well as performance checking the voltage regulator and limiter
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Updated! Digital Excitation System Provides Enhanced Tuning Over Analog Systems
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Features in excitation control speed commissioning and offer a greater variety of tuning tools
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The Effect of Reactive Compensators and Coordination with Volts/Hertz Limiting
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Three types of reactive compensators and Volts/Hertz Limiter effect the generator excitation system.
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Parallel Operation with a Network System
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Techniques required to successfully parallel synchronous generators
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Tuning a PID Controller for a Digital Excitation Control System
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How the digital controller is tuned for optimum generator performance
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Self-tuning of the PID Controller for a Digital Excitation Control System
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An indirect method for self-tuning of the PID controller gains
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Voltage Regulator and Parallel Operation
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Control of the voltage regulator when operating generators in parallel.
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Voltage Versus Var/Power Factor Regulation on Synchronous Generators
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When paralleled to the utility bus, synchronous generators can be controlled using either terminal voltage or var/power factor control
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Excitation Basics and Design
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Technical Paper
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Description
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Additional Resources
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Designing a Voltage Regulation System
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Excitation system theory when generator applications are in the design and proposal stages
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Introduction to Synchronizing
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Automatic synchronizing process and a guide for selection of the proper synchronizer
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Comparison BE1-25A and Eaton XM Synchronizer
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Specifying Excitation Systems for Procurement
Especificando Sistemas
de Excitación para
Adquisición |
Considerations involved
in specifying the
excitation system for a
project.
Spanish language
translation of the paper
above |
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Excitation System Testing
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Technical Paper
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Description
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Additional Resources
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Easing NERC Testing with New Digital Excitation Systems
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North American Electric Reliability Council policy involving generator testing.
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Feature Enhancements in New Digital Excitation System Speeds Performance Testing
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Technology built into the excitation system can ease the burden of performing required tests
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Power System Stability
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Technical Paper
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Description
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Additional Resources
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Power System Stabilizer Performance with Summing Point type Var/Power Factor Controllers
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Power system stabilizer performance does not have to deteriorate during a system transient when voltage support is needed
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Understanding Power System Stability
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Types of power system instability and the effects of system impedance and excitation.
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Updated! Voltage Regulator with Dual PID Controllers Enhances Power System Stability
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Voltage regulator with two PID controllers
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Synchronous Motor Controls
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Technical Paper
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Description
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Additional Resources
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Plant Efficiencies Benefit by Selection of Synchronous Motor
Beneficios
de Eficiencias Obenidos
Seleccionando un Motor Síncrono
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Application of a synchronous motor
Spanish language
translation of the paper
above
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EX-SYNCH1.pdf
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Synchronous Motor Control
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Basic theory of operation and control of the synchronous motor
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Basler Protective Relay Technical Papers
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Protection Theory and Concepts
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Technical Paper
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Description
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Additional Resources
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Automatic Reclosing - Transmission Line Applications and Considerations
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Applying autoreclosing to transmission circuits.
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Choosing the Correct
Transfer Switch
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For effective ground
fault protection,
transfer switch must be
chosen at project
beginning
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Commissioning Numerical Relays
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Experienced-based changes to commissioning tests and revised documentation of settings as a method for commissioning
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A Derivation of Symmetrical Component Theory and Symmetrical Component Networks
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Review symmetrical component analysis
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ElectricCalcs_R30.xls
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Updated!
Generator Protection Application Guide
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Assists in the selection of numerical multifunction and single function relays to protect a generator
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Presented at
Texas A&M and Georgia
Tech Conferences!
Generator Stator
Protection
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Multi-function
digital protection
systems can
cost-effectively and
reliably protect small
to mid-size generators
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Load Shedding for Utility and Industrial Power System Reliability
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Analysis of the conditions in which load shedding may be needed and review of load shed implementation strategies
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PC-IPS01.pdf
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Negative Sequence Relaying Applications in Ungrounded and High Impedance Grounded Industrial Systems
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Negative sequence overcurrent sensing to detect faults
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Power Quality: Measurement of Sags and Interruptions
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Measurement of power quality use of meters for residential and small commercial customers as a tool to track outage issues.
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A Practical Guide for Detecting Single-Phasing on a Three-Phase Power System
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Reference for the loss of one or two phases of a radial three phase system and includes suggested detection and protection methods
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Protective Relaying Issues in Low Voltage Systems as Addressed in the National Electric Code
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Low voltage (LV) design practices, as mentioned in the National Electric Code (NEC)
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Reliability Considerations of Multifunction Protection
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Reliability of numerical multifunction protection systems against predecessor technologies.
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A Review of Ferroresonance
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The basics of a ferroresonant condition
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Ferro_R1.xls
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A Review of Negative Sequence Current
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Negative sequence current and the damage it can cause to rotating machines
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PC-IPS01.pdf
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A Review of System Grounding Methods and Zero Sequence Current Sources
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Grounding methods, sources of ground current, ground current flow in the power system, and how each impacts protective relaying
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A Survey of Cold Load Pickup Practices
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Cold load pickup, the causes and effects
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Presented at
Texas A&M and Georgia
Tech Conferences!
Upgrading Relay
Protection?—Be Prepared
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Guidance for your
next replacement or
upgrade project
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Voltage Restrained Time Overcurrent Relay Principles, Coordination, and Dynamic Testing Considerations
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Dynamic response of 51/27R relays in which the overcurrent element conforms to the dynamic characteristic defined in ANSI C37.112
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51V Timing Model Mathcad simulation file
(Must have Mathcad Professional Edition installed)
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Zero Sequence Impedance of Overhead Transmission Lines
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Transmission line impedances, centering on zero sequence impedances
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Motor Protection
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Technical Paper |
Description |
Additional Resources |
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Extending Motor Life
with Updated Thermal
Model Overload
Protection |
Updates in the 49
thermal model provide better
motor protection |
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Breaker Failure and Monitoring Protection
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Technical Paper
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Description
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Additional Resources
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Breaker Monitoring with Numerical Relays
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Breaker Duty/Contact Wear monitoring
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Fundamentals and Advances in Breaker Failure Protection
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Deciding whether to apply dedicated breaker failure protection.
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PC-50BF1.pdf
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How Can Current Dropout Affect Breaker Failure Timing Margins
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Current decay time in applying breaker failure protection.
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Bus Protection
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Technical Paper
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Description
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Additional Resources
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Bus Protective Relaying, Methods and Application
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Application of bus protective relaying, describing and comparing differences
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PC-BUS01
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Using GOOSE Messages in
a Main-Tie-Main Scheme
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Main-tie-main circuit
breaker bus switching
scheme performed using
IEC 61850 GOOSE
messaging
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Distributed Generation
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Technical Paper
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Description
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Additional Resources
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Updated!
Generator Protection Application Guide
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Assists in the selection of numerical multifunction and single function relays to protect a generator
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Transformer Protection Application Guide
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Assist in the selection of relays to protect power transformers
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Effects of Distributed Generation on Utility Protection Schemes
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Addition of distributed generation to a distribution feeder can be minimized by having digital multifunction overcurrent with voltage protection schemes
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Green Power – Wind Generated Protection and Control Considerations
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Green power projects like wind farms allow protection and control engineers to use modern technology to provide cost effective systems
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Intertie Requirements for DGs Connected to Radial Distribution Feeders
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Proposed protection requirements for distributed generation connected to radial distribution feeders.
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PC-IPS01
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Practical Experience in Commissioning Distributed Generation Installations
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Commissioning several distributed generation projects under the auspices of Portland General Electric's Dispatchable Generation Program.
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Myths of Protecting the Distributed Resource To Electric Power System Interconnection
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For the ideology of power system protection, the myths described in this paper are better described as conditional truths rather than half-truths.
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Protective Relaying When Distributed Generation is Added to Your Circuit
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Advantages of having numeric multifunction protection in place when distributed generation is added to a radial distribution circuit.
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Directional Overcurrent (67) Relaying Applications in the DG Environment
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Basics of directional overcurrent relaying as applied in modern numeric relays
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PoleSlip_R0.xls
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Distributive Generation and Interconnection: Protection, Monitoring, and Interconnection Opportunities
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Paralleling a distributed generation supply to an electric power system involves protection, monitoring and control of the interconnection
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Successful DG Projects: Design and Build Considerations
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Design and build challenges for four DG projects
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Upgrading Intertie Protection to meet TX PU Standards
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Utilizing multifunction relays as the sole means of protection, not only for the plant and its generation, but also for the utility
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PC-IPS01
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Transformer Protection
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Technical Paper
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Description
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Additional Resources
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Transformer Protection Application Guide
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Assist in the selection of relays to protect power transformers
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Analysis of Transformer Inrush Current and Comparison of Harmonic Restraint Methods in Transformer Protection
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Factors affecting the second harmonic ratio in inrush current and various harmonic restraint methods
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PC-CDS01.pdf
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Current Transformer Errors and Transformer Inrush as Measured by Magnetic, Optical and Other Unconventional CTs
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Errors in secondary current for these primary current conditions determine when CTs are at risk, and show, using numerical analysis, the output of a saturated CT
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Presented at
Texas A&M and Georgia
Tech Conferences!
Effect of Transformer
Connection and
Construction on Single
Phasing Detection
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Event, failure
analysis, transformer
theory, and relay
solutions from loss of
phase event at
generating station
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Single Phasing Appendix
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Ground Differential Protection: Revisited
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Principles of ground differential protection within industrial power systems
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Harmonic Sharing for Effective Detection of Transformer Inrush Condition in Differential Protection Schemes
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Harmonic sharing in transformer differential protection improves security for some inrush conditions, while maintaining sensitivity.
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Predicting Current Differential Relay Tripping and Targeting when Testing at Final Settings
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Testing current differential relays at final settings
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Transformer Differential Calculations
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Solutions for Unconventional Connection of Transformer Differential Current Transformers
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Analyzing unconventional current transformer polarity connections and how to obtain the right connection to achieve the desired direction of operation or polarity
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Three Phase Transformer Winding Configurations and Differential Relay Compensation
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How a transformer differential relay compensates for the effects of the various transformer winding configurations
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Using Iop Characteristics to Troubleshoot Transformer Differential Relay Misoperation
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Transformer differential false trips and methods to alleviate this issue
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Zero Sequence Circuit of Three-legged Core Type Transformers
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Modified zero-sequence equivalent circuit for a three-legged core-type transformer.
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Arc Flash
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Technical Paper
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Description
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Additional Resources
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Arc Flash Mitigation Through Use Of Voltage Controlled/Voltage Restrained Overcurrent Elements
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The use of voltage controlled/voltage restrained overcurrent elements as an arc flash mitigation technique
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Protective Relaying Methods for Reducing Arc Flash Energy
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Arc flash standards/requirements and high speed detection and operation techniques used to reduce arc flash energy via protective relays.
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